"*" indicates required fields

This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

Subscribe

By subscribing you agree to our Privacy Policy

Subscription Settings
Analysis

Iran Signals Deterrence Paired With Diplomacy

The February 24 edition of the Iran Media Review analyzes Iranian messaging in the lead up to a new round of negotiations with the United States.

Ali Alfoneh

4 min read

As Iran prepares for the next round of negotiations with the United States, Iranian officials and media signaled calibrated deterrence against a threatened U.S. military strike paired with conditional openness to diplomacy.

  • February 24: According to economic newspaper Donya-ye Eqtesad, Supreme National Security Council Secretary Ali Larijani is heading to Muscat, Oman in preparation for indirect negotiations scheduled with the United States for February 26 in Geneva, Switzerland. An unnamed Foreign Ministry source told the newspaper that Rafael Grossi, director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, is also likely to be present at the negotiations.
  • February 24: SNSC-affiliated Nour News Agency posted on X about alleged tensions among the United States’ political and military leadership over a potential military confrontation with Iran:
    • “The issue that has today created a rift between #Trump and the military commanders is not the capability to strike Iran; it is the lack of a plan for the day after the strike. America can pull the trigger, but it does not know how to contain the chain of consequences following #Iran’s response. Today’s deterrence stems from the #unknown_consequences of starting a war, not from a shortage of weapons.”
  • February 24: Foreign Ministry Spokesman Esmaeil Baqaei, commenting on President Donald J. Trump’s threat of “limited strikes” against Iran, was quoted by Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-affiliated Javan as saying:
    • “There is no such a thing as ‘limited strikes.’ An act of aggression is an act of aggression, and any government would regard such an act as aggression. Within the framework of the inherent right to self-defense, our decisive response will therefore be firm and proportionate.”
  • February 24: Reformist Shargh interviewed two foreign policy experts on the prospects for U.S.-Iran negotiations in Geneva:
    • Asgar Qahremanpour said: “Tehran has sought to create a link between nuclear security and economic interests by designing a three-tier package. The package includes continuing enrichment at a managed level along with confidence-building mechanisms, readiness to return to broader inspections, and tying these concessions to sanctions relief and U.S. economic participation in areas such as aircraft sales and oil projects … This approach recalls the logic of the JCPOA, with the difference that Iran is seeking more tangible economic guarantees.”
    • Mohsen Jalilvand said: “Given the wide gap between the positions of the two sides, the likelihood of persuading Trump through this package is very low; Trump’s maximalist demands essentially repeat what Netanyahu wants, and Iran has no option but resistance.”
  • February 24: Hassan Hanizadeh, a regional affairs expert, said in an interview with reformist Etemad:
    • “Iran will offer its proposals to the United States through Grossi … which entails Iran reducing its level of uranium enrichment to the lowest levels … the stockpile of enriched uranium … can be transferred to a country like Oman for safekeeping under the supervision of the IAEA.”
    • “In return, the United States will remove a considerable part of the sanctions imposed on Iran since 2018.”

The views represented herein are the author's or speaker's own and do not necessarily reflect the views of AGSI, its staff, or its board of directors.

Ali Alfoneh

Senior Fellow, AGSI

Analysis

The Islamic Republic Returns to Offense

After U.S.-Israeli strikes killed Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on February 28, Iran’s collective leadership has concluded that the best defense is a good offense.

Ali Alfoneh

12 min read

Iranian Zolfaghar missiles are displayed by the armed forces in a temporary exhibition in front of the Azadi monument in Tehran, Iran, July 29. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)

Iran’s Collective Strategic Decision Making

Wartime pressure has temporarily aligned the leadership’s overriding interest in regime survival, even as its members continue to differ over the costs, methods, and ultimate objectives of the war.

Ali Alfoneh

9 min read

Iran's parliamentary speaker and top negotiator, Mohammad-Bagher Qalibaf, and foreign minister, Abbas Araghchi, listen to Abolfazl Amouei, Qalibaf's international affairs assistant, during a flight to Switzerland, June 21. (Hamed Malekpour/ICANA via AP)

The Islamic Republic’s Collective Leadership

While there is historical precedent for collective leadership in Iran, today’s leadership includes representatives of the IRGC and regular military – a reflection of the IRGC’s expanding role and the necessities of governing under wartime conditions.

Ali Alfoneh

5 min read

Iranian Member of the Assembly of Experts Mohsen Qomi, Advisor to Iran's supreme leader Mohsen Rezaei, Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi, Judiciary Chief Gholam-Hossein Mohseni Ejei, Parliamentary Speaker Mohammad-Bagher Qalibaf and President Masoud Pezeshkian attend a farewell ceremony for Iran's late Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei at the Imam Khomeini Grand Mosalla in Tehran, Iran, July 3. (REUTERS/Mohammed Salem)

How Did the IRGC Seize Power in Iran?

The IRGC did not seize power in a single stroke. It accumulated it – patiently, methodically – until no counterweight remained.

Ali Alfoneh

7 min read

Iranian Parliamentary Speaker Mohammad-Bagher Qalibaf looks on as members of Parliament chant in support of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps in Tehran, Iran, February 1. (Hamed Malekpour/Islamic consultative assembly news agency/WANA/Handout via REUTERS)
View All

Events

Oct 6, 2026

10:00am - 11:00am

Is the U.S.-Iran Stalemate a “New Normal” or the Prelude to Another Explosion?

On October 6, AGSI will host a discussion on the U.S.-Iran stalemate and the prospects for a cease-fire.

Register
President Donald J. Trump speaks to the United Nations General Assembly, Sept. 22, 2026, at the UN headquarters. (AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson)
President Donald J. Trump speaks to the United Nations General Assembly, Sept. 22, at the U.N. headquarters. (AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson)

Jun 16, 2026

Book Talk: Iran and the Bomb: The United States, Iran and the Nuclear Question

On June 16, AGSI hosted a discussion on the evolution of Iran's nuclear program.

A view of Iran's nuclear enrichment facility in Natanz, Iran, on April, 9, 2007. (AP Photo/Hasan Sarbakhshian, File)
A view of Iran's nuclear enrichment facility in Natanz, Iran, on April, 9, 2007. (AP Photo/Hasan Sarbakhshian, File)

Apr 21, 2026

Inside Iran’s Wartime Leadership: Power, Succession, and Regime Stability

On April 21, AGSI hosted a discussion on the evolution of Iran's leadership during the war.

In this photo released by the Pakistan Foreign Ministry, Iran's Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Qalibaf, center right, and Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, center left, are greeted by Pakistan Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar, right, and Army Chief Field Marshal Gen. Asim Munir, left, upon their arrival at Nur Khan airbase in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, April 11. (Pakistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs via AP)
In this photo released by the Pakistani Foreign Ministry, Iranian Speaker of Parliament Mohammad Bagher Qalibaf, center right, and Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, center left, are greeted by Pakistani Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar, right, and Army Chief Field Marshal Gen. Asim Munir, left, upon their arrival at Nur Khan air base in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, April 11. (Pakistani Ministry of Foreign Affairs via AP)

Mar 18, 2026

In Its Conflict With the United States and Israel, Does Escalation Favor Iran?

On March 18, AGSI hosted a discussion on the escalation of the Iran war.

Firefighters try to extinguish flames at the site of a direct hit by an Iranian missile strike in Holon, central Israel, March 13,. (AP Photo/Ohad Zwigenberg)
Firefighters try to extinguish flames at the site of a direct hit by an Iranian missile strike in Holon, central Israel, March 13. (AP Photo/Ohad Zwigenberg)
View All