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Iran

Preparing for the Gulf’s Economic Infrastructure Buildout

On September 9, AGSI hosted a discussion on Gulf infrastructure development post-Iran war.

A bulk carrier docked at the Port of Fujairah, as the U.S.-Israel conflict with Iran limits marine traffic in the Strait of Hormuz, in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates, May 6. (REUTERS/Amr Alfiky)

Operation Economic Outcast: Will Economic Pressure on Iran Work, and Are the Gulf Countries On Board?

On September 2, AGSI hosted a discussion on the new U.S. sanctions against Iran.

Pedestrians walk past a sidewalk display of Iranian currency and vintage banknotes and coins near Ferdowsi Square, a hub for currency trading in downtown Tehran, Iran, August 24. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)

Charting a Path to a Durable End State in Iran

A coordinated strategy with allies, alongside sustained military and economic pressure, can help the United States end the conflict with Iran in a way that stabilizes the region, restores freedom of navigation, and prevents Tehran from becoming a nuclear power.

This image provided by U.S. Central Command shows a F/A-18E Super Hornet preparing to take off from the USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72) in support of Operation Epic Fury, on February 28. (U.S. Navy via AP)

The New Trilateral Axis and the Iraqi Dilemma

As the September deadline for the U.S. troop drawdown approaches, Iraq’s period of comfortable neutrality is ending, but the country’s policymakers should not rush into unsustainable alignments.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif pose after signing a trilateral defense agreement in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, August 7. (Saudi Press Agency via AP)

The Islamic Republic Returns to Offense

After U.S.-Israeli strikes killed Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on February 28, Iran’s collective leadership has concluded that the best defense is a good offense.

Iranian Zolfaghar missiles are displayed by the armed forces in a temporary exhibition in front of the Azadi monument in Tehran, Iran, July 29. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)

The Future of U.S. Bases in the Gulf

The war between the United States and Iran revealed the vulnerability of static U.S. bases, while also showcasing Gulf Arab states’ capacity – bolstered with U.S. hardware and training – to intercept most Iranian strikes on their own, raising new questions about U.S.-Gulf security partnerships.

U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth meets with Saudi Defense Minister Prince Khalid bin Salman at the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., U.S., February 24, 2025. (REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque)

Iran’s Collective Strategic Decision Making

Wartime pressure has temporarily aligned the leadership’s overriding interest in regime survival, even as its members continue to differ over the costs, methods, and ultimate objectives of the war.

Iran's parliamentary speaker and top negotiator, Mohammad-Bagher Qalibaf, and foreign minister, Abbas Araghchi, listen to Abolfazl Amouei, Qalibaf's international affairs assistant, during a flight to Switzerland, June 21. (Hamed Malekpour/ICANA via AP)

Striking the Grid: Iran’s Campaign Against Kuwaiti Water

Hitting the systems that keep Gulf populations supplied with water and power is a threshold Iran now appears willing to cross.

An aerial view shows Kuwait City, Kuwait, March 16, 2020. (REUTERS/Stephanie McGehee)