Energy

The conflict has turned renewables into security assets at home, and rendered them far more expensive to build out, while Gulf states send clean energy capital abroad.

Investors continue to bet on Kuwait’s longer-term outlook, though stiff economic headwinds and geopolitical uncertainty remain on the horizon.

On August 11, AGSI hosted a discussion on global energy markets.

Hitting the systems that keep Gulf populations supplied with water and power is a threshold Iran now appears willing to cross.

Egypt has become the indispensable transit state linking Saudi Arabia's Red Sea infrastructure with global markets. But that strategic importance may also have exposed it to the same risks facing Gulf producers.

A brief reopening of oil exports in June suggested the path ahead for the United Arab Emirates.

As Qatar looks to the future, it will have to assess the battered landscape of the global LNG industry, reassure its customer base, and rethink its approach for a very different market.

The vulnerability of the world's most important energy chokepoint has been laid bare, setting in motion changes that are likely to outlast the conflict.