What Do Houthi Attacks on Israel Mean for the Iran War?

The decision by the Houthis to join the ongoing Middle East conflict by launching a barrage of ballistic missiles targeting southern Israel on March 28, although widely expected, marked a serious escalation. Houthi involvement risks widening an already volatile war, driving up shipping costs, increasing oil prices, placing additional strain on a fragile global economy that is already reeling from the situation in the Strait of Hormuz, and further exposing vital economic and military infrastructure across the Gulf region.  

Why did the Houthis decide to enter the conflict after refraining earlier? Are Houthi attacks likely to expand beyond Israel to target global shipping? Would the Houthis likely attack energy and infrastructure targets if Gulf states join the U.S. and Israeli air campaign on Iran? What deterrents could work against the Houthis? How is this decision by the Houthis being perceived in Yemen, and how does it affect fragile peace efforts in the country? 

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